Timeline

Franklin Delano Roosevelt born in Hyde Park, New York

January 30 1882

Franklin Delano Roosevelt born in Hyde Park, New York.

Eleanor Roosevelt born in Manhattan, NY

October 11 1884

October 11, 1884 Eleanor Roosevelt born in Manhattan, NY. 

The McMillan Plan “Kite Plan” was established

1901

1901 The McMillan Plan “kite plan” was established and to plan out the geometrical composition for three Washington monuments which became Lincoln,  Jefferson and then FDR.   (Aidala, 1979)

FDR and Eleanor Wedding

March 17 1905

FDR and Eleanor wedding. 

FDR’s Disability

January 6 1921

He contracted polio at age 39 which left him unable to walk or stand unassisted. He was a daily wheelchair user. He started the March of Dimes to fund a cure for polio. He frequented Warm Springs, GA for its therapeutic waters and helped pioneer rehabilitation practices. He visited wounded veterans while remaining in his wheelchair, was purposefully carried out of his car in full view of the study body at Howard University, and referred to “ten pounds of steel” on his legs in an address to the U.S. Congress.

FDR Contracted Polio

August 1921

FDR contracted Polio.

FDR first visited Warm Springs

October 1924

FDR first visited Warm Springs.

George Segal - Sculptor

November 26 1924

George Segal was born in New York on November 26, 1924, to a Jewish couple who emigrated from Eastern Europe. His parents first settled in the Bronx where they ran a butcher shop and later moved to a New Jersey poultry farm.

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FDR bought Warm Springs

1926

FDR bought Warm Springs.

FDR Elected Governor of New York

1928

FDR elected Governor of New York.

Alan A. Reich

January 1 1930

(January 1, 1930 – November 8, 2005) was the founder of the National Organization on Disability. In 1962 Reich sustained severe spinal injuries in a diving accident, making him a wheelchair user for the rest of his life. Afterwards, Reich returned to Polaroid where he served as an executive in manufacturing management and corporate long-range planning until 1970, when he became the U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs. In 1982 he founded the National Organization on Disability (NOD).

Reich was born in Pearl River, New York, and graduated from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, where he was an all-American track and field athlete. He received a master’s degree in Russian literature from Middlebury College in 1953, a diploma in Slavic languages and Eastern European studies from the University of Oxford the same year and a master’s degree in business administration from Harvard University in 1959. He spoke five languages.

Reich served as an infantry officer in the U.S. Army and as a Russian-language interrogation officer in Germany.

After working in the State Department, Reich’s efforts eventually led the United Nations to declare 1981 as the International Year of Disabled Persons, and Reich became president of the organization coordinating American activities in observance of the year: the U.S. Council for the International Year of Disabled Persons. Afterward, leveraging the momentum from these observances, Reich led the council’s evolution into an independent organization, the National Organization on Disability.

Three years later, Reich founded the Bimillennium Foundation to further extend the reach of the 1981 event and to encourage leaders of nations worldwide to set year-2000 goals aimed at improving the human condition. In 1990, Reich, along with Richard and Ginny Thornburgh, board members for the National Organization on Disability, persuaded Pope John Paul II to sponsor a 1990 world symposium on disabilities at the Vatican.

Reich also establish the Franklin Delano Roosevelt International Disability Award on October 24, 1995, the 50th anniversary of the United Nations (UN). The award recognized and encouraged progress by nations toward “the full and equal participation of people with disabilities in the economic, social, and cultural life of their countries, regardless of the level of development.” The winning country received a $50,000 cash prize for an outstanding nongovernmental disability organization in the selected nation and was presented to the head of state at an annual ceremony at the UN.

Immediately after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Reich organized the leaders of disability groups to make sure that planning for future emergencies included accommodations for people with disabilities.

In addition to his other achievements, Reich served on the People-to-People Committee on Disability, and the boards of the Paralysis Cure Research Foundation and the National Paraplegia Foundation. He was the first wheelchair user to address the UN.

Reich was one of ten honorees of the AARP Impact Award in 2006 for his work as a disability activist. He received the George Bush Medal for his work on behalf of people with disabilities and was named a member of the Officer Candidate School (U.S. Army) Hall of Fame.

FDR Elected President of the United States

November 8 1932

FDR Elected President of the United States.

FDR Launched the New Deal 

1933

FDR Launched the New Deal.

FDR is Inaugurated for the First Time

March 4 1933

FDR is inaugurated for the first time as President of the United States.

Roosevelt Signed into law the Social Security Act

August 14 1935

Roosevelt Signed into law the Social Security Act.

FDR Wins Second Election

November 3 1936

FDR’s Wins Second Election.

FDR Sworn in Second Time as President

January 20 1937

FDR was sworn in for a second time as President.

March of Dimes Launched by FDR

January 3 1938

March of Dimes launched by FDR.

FDR 3rd Election as US President

November 5 1940

FDR 3rd Election as US President.

3rd Inauguration as US President

January 20 1941

3rd inauguration as US President.

FDR’s 4th Election as US President

November 7 1944

FDR’s 4th Election as US President.

Eleanor Roosevelt 1st US delegate to the United Nations

1945 - 1952

Eleanor Roosevelt served as the first 1st US delegate to the United Nations.

4th Inauguration 

January 20 1945

4th Inauguration.

FDR Died Warm Spring, GA

April 12 1945

FDR died Warm Spring, GA.

FDR Funeral

April 14 1945

FDR Funeral

Congressional Resolution Introduced

1946

Congressional resolution introduced to establish a commission that would oversee the creating of memorial to FDR. (Aidala, 1979).

Roosevelt Dime Accepted

January 6 1946

Design for Roosevelt dime accepted 24 days before the coin’s scheduled unveiling.

Lawrence Halprin - Landscape Architect

January 6 1949

Born on July 1, 1916, Halprin was raised in Brooklyn, New York. In 1935, he began his studies in plant sciences at Cornell University. After graduation, Halprin pursued advanced studies at the University of Wisconsin, receiving an M.S. in horticulture in 1941. During this time, Halprin married Anna Schuman, a dance student whose work played a significant role in Halprin’s ideas about landscape movement. Halprin recounted that, while living in Wisconsin, he visited Taliesin East, Frank Lloyd Wright’s home studio, and decided to study design. He entered the B.L.A. program at Harvard’s Graduate School of Design in 1942, studying with landscape architect Christopher Tunnard, whose book Gardens in the Modern Landscape (1938) Halprin credited with confirming his interest in landscape architecture.

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Neil Estern - Sculptor

January 1 1950

Within a few years, Mr. Estern had turned from toymaker to full-time professional sculptor of monumental works, working out of a studio in Brooklyn Heights. But as he did so he maintained his commitment to verisimilitude, whether depicting a charismatic President Franklin D. Roosevelt or an effervescent Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia of New York, his impetuosity in full flower.

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Public Law 372 of the 84th Congress was Approved

August 11 1955

Public Law 372 of the 84th Congress was approved and the FDR Memorial Commission was formally established: “…for the purpose of considering and formulating plans for the design, construction and location of a permanent memorial to Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the city of Washington…” (Aidala, 1979).

Sunset at Campobello opened on Broadway

January 30 1958

The play Sunset at Campobello opened on Broadway. Ralph Bellamy plays FDR at the Cort Theatre NYC.

Sunset at Campobello closed on Broadway

May 30 1959

Sunset at Campobello closed on Broadway.

FDR Memorial Location Selected

September 1 1959

The location selected for the Memorial by the FDR Memorial Commission with consultation by an panel of experts was approved by Joint Congressional  Resolution and was to be an area in West Potomac Park between the Potomac River and the Tidal Basin. (Aidala, 1979).

Design Competition for the Memorial was Held

January - September 1969

A design competition for the Memorial was held and 564 designs were submitted.  The winning design was from Pederson & Tilney.  (Aidala, 1979).

Leonard Baskin - Sculptor

January 6 1960

Leonard Baskin - Sculptor

Approved the Pederson & Tilney Design

January 1962

The FDR Memorial Commission approved the Pederson & Tilney design with one dissenting vote. (Aidala, 1979)

Pederson & Tilney Design Rejected

February 1 1962

Federal Commission of Fine Arts rejected the Pederson & Tilney design. (Senate Report, 1982)

FDR Memorial Commission to Select a New Design

October 1 1962

Joint resolution, Public Law 87-842, directed FDR Memorial Commission to select a new design  (Senate Report, 1982)

Eleanor Died

November 7 1962

Nov 7, 1962 Eleanor died.

Revised Pederson & Tilney Design Accepted

June 01 1964

Commission of Fine Arts approves revised Pederson & Tilney design. (Senate Report, 1982)

Pederson & Tilney Design Abandoned

April 1 1965

Pederson & Tilney design “abandoned in face of public controversy” (Senate Report, 1982)

Marcel Breuer Selected to Develop New Design

January 1966

Marcel Breuer selected to develop new design. (Senate Report, 1982) (Aidala, 1979).

Breuer Design Approved

December 1966

Breuer design approved by FDR Memorial Commission (Senate Report, 1982) (Aidala, 1979).

Breuer Design Not Accepted by Commission of Fine Arts

January 26 1967

Breuer design not accepted by Commission of Fine Arts. (Senate Report, 1982)  (Aidala, 1979).

FDR Memorial Park Acres Designated

January 1969

President Johnson by Executive Order designated 27 of the 67 acres in West Potomac Park as the FDR Memorial Park (Senate Report 1982).

The FDR Memorial Commission Endorse the Idea of a Rose Garden.

1970

The FDR Memorial Commission endorse the idea of a rose garden (Aidala, 1979).

Secretary of the Interior to Participate in Planning

June 1972

Public Law 92-332 authorized the Secretary of the Interior to participate in the planning and design process of the Memorial.  (Aidala, 1979).

Landscape Architects & Architects to Submit Design Concepts

March 1972

The FDR Commission asks seven nationally known landscape architects and architects to submit design concepts based on new criteria. (Aidala, 1979).

Lawrence Halprin Selected

May 1974

Lawrence Halprin selected by the FDR Memorial Commission to design the Memorial.  (Senate Report, 1982)

FDR Memorial Commission Approved Design Concept

May 1975

The FDR Memorial Commission approved the design concept. (Senate Report, 1982)

National Capital Planning Commission Approved Design Concept.

June 1975

National Capital Planning Commission approved design concept. (Senate Report, 1982)

Commission of Fine Arts Approved Design Concept

June 1976

Commission of Fine Arts approved design concept. (Senate Report, 1982)

Design Development Approved

February 1977

FDR Memorial Commission and Commission of Fine Arts approved design development. (Senate Report,1982)

Annie Opened on Broadway

April 21 1977

Sculptors are Approved by the FDR Memorial Commission

September 1977

Sculptors are approved by the FDR Memorial Commission. (Aidala, 1979).

Sculptural Design Workshop Held in San Francisco

October 1977

Sculptural design workshop held in San Francisco with all the sculptors to explore their collaboration.  (Aidala, 1979).

Sculpture Concepts Approved

November 1977

FDR Memorial Commission and Commission of Fine Arts approved sculpture concepts.  (Senate Report, 1982)

Second Sculptural Design Workshop Held

Janurary 1978

A second sculptural design workshop was held in New Jersey.  (Aidala, 1979).

Estimates of $46 Million

1978

FDR Memorial Commission Chairman and former New York Congressman Eugen J. Keogh says the estimates of $46 million for the memorial are “right in line” with original costs, translated into 1978 dollars of the Washington, Lincoln, and Jefferson Memorials in Washington DC. (Aidala, 1979).

Final Design Approved

March 1978

FDR Memorial Commission and Commission of Fine Arts approved final design by landscape architect Lawrence Halprin (Aidala, 1979) (Senate Report, 1982).

U.S. Interior Department Declined to Support Costs

February 1979

 U.S. Interior Department declined to support construction due to the $46 million estimated cost. (Senate Report, 1982)

Estimated Costs Reduced to $23.5 Million

June 1979

A revised plan was submitted to the U.S. Interior Department by landscape architect Lawrence Halprin lowering the cost to an estimated $23.5 million.  (Senate Report, 1982)

Interior Department Declined to Support Construction

August

Interior Department declined to support construction on grounds of cost. (Senate Report ,1982)

100th Birthday of FDR

January 1982

Jim Dickson

January 1987

Jim Dickson has 30 years of experience with nonpartisan voter engagement issues. He currently serves as a Co-Chair of the National Council on Independent Living (NCIL) Civic Engagement and Voting Rights Committee. He is former Vice President for Organizing and Civic Engagement for the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD). He led AAPD’s nonpartisan Disability Vote Project, a broad coalition of 36 national disability-related organizations whose mission is to close the political participation gap for people with disabilities. The project focuses on voter registration and education, Get-Out-The-Vote drives, election reform, and polling place access.

Mr. Dickson played a central role in the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights (LCCRH) effort to pass the Help America Vote Act (HAVA). He was part of the leadership team which passed The National Voter Registration Act. He is past Chair of the Board of Advisors to the United States Election Assistance Commission. Prior to joining AAPD, Mr. Dickson organized the campaign to place a statue of President Roosevelt in his wheelchair at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, DC. Mr. Dickson has organized grassroots, multi-issue organizations in Rhode Island, Connecticut and California. With the support of the Sierra Club, he organized the first grassroots congressional mobilization for the environmental movement, which resulted in the passage of the first Clean Air Act.

In 1987, Mr. Dickson became the first blind person to sail a boat alone from Rhode Island to Bermuda. His objectives were to have a good time and to stimulate public discussion on the abilities of people with disabilities. Mr. Dickson is a graduate of Brown University.

Americans with Disabilities Act was Signed

July 26 1990

Michael R. Deland

1995

Michael R. Deland was Chairman of the Board of the National Organization on Disability (NOD), from 1995-2006, and President from 2005-2006. While at NOD, Mr. Deland initiated and spearheaded the successful campaign to add a statue of President Roosevelt in his wheelchair at the FDR Memorial.

Disability Leaders and Activists Hold a Protest in Beacon NY

April 15 1997

Disability leaders and activists hold a protest in Beacon NY across the street from the foundry where statues were being cast for the FDR Memorial. 

Tom Hardy - Sculptor

May 1 1997

A crowning achievement to Tom's career was Sen. Mark Hatfields commission to design and produce the bronze eagle seal on Pres. Franklin Roosevelts monument in Washington, D.C. In 1997, Pres. Bill Clinton welcomed Tom to a celebration of Roosevelts life at the unveiling of the monument. Warm and friendly to all he met, his works will keep his memory fresh and alive. 

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FDR Memorial was Dedicated by President Bill Clinton

May 2 1997

FDR Memorial was dedicated by President Bill Clinton. The disability community, in lieu of the protests promised, celebrated the announcement that a depiction of FDR in a wheelchair would be added at a later date.

Where’s the wheelchair?

January 6 1997

When the memorial was first dedicated in 1997, it did not include a depiction of FDR’s disability. The National Organization on Disability led the campaign which was eventually joined by over 50 disability organizations.

A Harris Poll revealed 73% public support for a disability portrayal. Sixteen FDR grandchildren wrote in support of the depiction. Legislation was passed the night before the 1997 dedication calling for the addition of FDR’s disability to the Memorial. The wheelchair statue was eventually added and dedicated in January 2001. It was an epic battle to get the statue, and the entire room in which is stands, funded, designed and built.

When the memorial was first dedicated in 1997, it did not include a depiction of FDR’s disability. The National Organization on Disability led the campaign which was eventually joined by over 50 disability organizations.

A Harris Poll revealed 73% public support for a disability portrayal. Sixteen FDR grandchildren wrote in support of the depiction. Legislation was passed the night before the 1997 dedication calling for the addition of FDR’s disability to the Memorial. The wheelchair statue was eventually added and dedicated in January 2001. It was an epic battle to get the statue, and the entire room in which is stands, funded, designed and built.

When the memorial was first dedicated in 1997, it did not include a depiction of FDR’s disability. The National Organization on Disability led the campaign which was eventually joined by over 50 disability organizations.

A Harris Poll revealed 73% public support for a disability portrayal. Sixteen FDR grandchildren wrote in support of the depiction. Legislation was passed the night before the 1997 dedication calling for the addition of FDR’s disability to the Memorial. The wheelchair statue was eventually added and dedicated in January 2001. It was an epic battle to get the statue, and the entire room in which is stands, funded, designed and built.

FDR Wheelchair Statue Dedication 

January 10 2001

The Completion of the Memorial

November 1 2001

After a long campaign led by people with disabilities, with leadership from the National Organization on Disability, the statue of FDR in a wheelchair by famed sculptor Robert Graham and a quote from Eleanor Roosevelt referring to the inner strength her husband acquired as a result of polio were installed at the Memorial in what is called the Prologue Room at the entrance of the Memorial. Graham, listening to the advocacy of the disability community, created the statue to be life sized, and several feet from a wall on ground level to allow for full access to the entire statue. The Prologue Room was dedicated on January 11, 2001 by President Bill Clinton.